Transcription of 166 CHAPTER 4 • INTRODUCTION TO ALKENES. …
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166 CHAPTER 4 • INTRODUCTION TO ALKENES. …
166 CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO alkenes . structure AND REACTIVITY state of lower energy than the transition state for protonation to give a primary carbocation. Thestabilities of the carbocations themselvesdo not determine which reaction is faster; the relativefree energies of the transition states for carbocation formationdetermine the relative rates ofthe two processes. Only the validity of Hammond s postulate allows us to make the connectionbetween carbocation energy and transition-state n e e d H a m m o n d s p o s t u l a t e b e c a u s e t h e s t r u c t u r e s o f t r a n s i t i o n s t a t e s a r e u n c e r t a i n ,whereas the structures of reactants, products, and reactive intermediates are known.
168 CHAPTER 4 • INTRODUCTION TO ALKENES. STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY A large number of organic reactions are catalyzed. In this section, we’ll introduce the idea of catalysis by considering three examples of catalyzed alkene reactions.
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