4. Physical removal processes: sedimentation and …

21year or two), the need for a reliable source of electricity to power the lamps, the needfor period cleaning of the lamp sleeve surface to remove deposits and maintain UVtransmission, especially for the submerged lamps, and the uncertainty of themagnitude of UV dose delivered to the water , unless a UV sensor is used to monitorthe process. In addition, UV provides no residual chemical disinfectant in the waterto protect against post-treatment contamination, and therefore care must be taken toprotect UV-disinfected water from post-treatment contamination, including bacterialregrowth or Costs of UV disinfection for household waterBecause the energy requirements are relatively low (several tens of watts per unit orabout the same as an incandescent lamp), UV disinfection units for water treatmentcan be powered at relatively low cost using solar panels, wind power generators aswell as conventional energy sources.

24 Table 9. Filters and Filtration Media for Treatment of Household Water: Characteristics, Advantages and Disadvantage Type Of Filtration Media Avail-

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