Transcription of 6. Water treatment
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6. Water treatment
6. Water treatment . 71. 6. Water treatment Introduction Water can be contaminated by the following agents: Pathogens disease-causing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. Harmful chemicals from human activities (industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers). Chemicals and minerals from the natural environment, such as arsenic, common salt and fluorides. Some non-harmful contaminants may influence the taste, smell, colour or temperature of Water , and make it unacceptable to the community. Water from surface sources is often contaminated by microbes, whereas groundwater is normally safer, but even groundwater can be contaminated by harmful chemicals from human activities or from the natural environment. Rainwater captured by a rooftop har- vesting system or with small catchment dams is relatively safe, provided that the first Water is allowed to flow to waste when the rainy season starts.
Coagulation, flocculation and settlement In coagulation, a liquid coagu-☺ — ☺☺☺☺☺ ☺☺☺ — ☺☺☺☺ lant, such as aluminium sulfate, is added to the water to attract suspended particles. The water is then gently stirred to allow the particles to come together and form larger particles (floccula-tion), which can then be
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