BERTRAND RUSSELL - NTSLibrary

BERTRAND RUSSELL A HISTORY OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY And Its Connection with Political and SocialCircumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day SIMON AND SCHUSTER, NEW YORK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INCLUDING THE RIGHT OF REPRODUCTION IN WHOLE ORIN PART IN ANY FORM COPYRIGHT, 1945 , BY BERTRAND RUSSELL PUBLISHED BYSIMON AND SCHUSTER, INC. ROCKEFELLER CENTER, 1230 SIXTH AVENUE NEWYORK 20, N. Y. Fourth Printing MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY AMERICAN BOOK-STRATFORD PRESS, INC., N. Y. TABLE OF CONTENTSP reface by Author ix Introduction xiii BOOK ONE. ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY Part I. The Pre-Socratics 3 Chapter I. The Rise of Greek Civilization 3 Chapter II. The Milesian School 24 Chapter III. Pythagoras 29 Chapter IV. Heraclitus 38 Chapter V. Parmenides 48 Chapter VI. Empedocles 53 Chapter VII. Athens in Relation to Culture 58 Chapter VIII. Anaxagoras 61 Chapter IX. The Atomists 64 Chapter X. Protagoras 73 Part II. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle 82 Chapter XI.

PREFACE MANY histories of philosophy exist, and it has not been my purpose merely to add one to their number. My purpose is to exhibit philosophy as an integral part of social and political life: not as the isolated speculations of remarkable individuals, but as both an effect and a cause of the

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