by Christopher Bunai - SmartBolts

As a result of this trend, a common ques-tion from many engineers, mechanics, main-tenance personnel and assemblers is: Howmuch torque do I need to install this fasten-er? The best, but perhaps not very helpful,answer is: Whatever amount of torque isneeded to develop the proper tension. The problem with this response is thatunder most circumstances, the ability tomeasure tension is not available. What hastraditionally been available, however, aretorque wrenches, and thus the ability tomeasure to answer this question leadsus to the torque-tension relationship and abrief explanation of how torque and tensionrelate. Torque is the rotational forceused toturn the nut or fastener head in a boltedjoint. As torque is applied to the nut, itattempts to climb up the threads of the boltreducing the grip length; however, when thecomponents within the grip resist, the boltis forced to stretch. As the bolt elongates, itbehaves like a spring and develops tension,also known as preload.

75 ft. lbs. shown in the provided torque chart. So where is the problem? The quick answer is the nut factor, K, can vary. One thing you may notice about any published

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