Transcription of Causation and Experimental Design
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106 Chapter 5 Causation andExperimental DesignCausal ExplanationWhat Causes What?AssociationTime OrderNonspuriousnessMechanismContextWhy Experiment?What If a True Experiment Isn tPossible?Nonequivalent Control Group DesignsBefore-and-After DesignsEx Post Facto Control Group DesignsWhat Are the Threats to Validity inExperiments?Threats to Internal Causal ValidityNoncomparable GroupsEndogenous ChangeHistoryContaminationTreatment MisidentificationGeneralizabilitySample GeneralizabilityCross-PopulationGenerali zabilityInteraction of Testing andTreatmentHow Do Experimenters Protect TheirSubjects?
valid explanations, the ways in which experimental and quasi-experimental research designs seek to meet these criteria, and the difficulties that can sometimes result in invalid conclusions. By the end of the chapter, you should have a good grasp of the meaning of causation and the logic of experimental design. Most social research,
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