Transcription of Chapter 11. Facial Expression Analysis
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Chapter 11. Facial Expression AnalysisYing-Li Tian,1 Takeo Kanade2, and Jeffrey F. Cohn2,31 IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY 10532, Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, Principles of Facial Expression What Is Facial Expression Analysis ? Facial expressions are the Facial changes in response to a person s internal emotional states,intentions, or social communications. Facial Expression Analysis has been an active researchtopic for behavioral scientists since the work of Darwin in 1872 [18,22,25,71]. Suwa etal. [76] presented an early attempt to automatically analyze Facial expressions by tracking themotion of 20 identified spots on an image sequence in 1978.
Facial expression recognition is the last stage of AFEA systems. The facial changes can be identified as facial action units or prototypic emotional expressions (see Section 2.1 for definitions). Depending on if the temporal information is used, in this chapter we classified the
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