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CHAPTER 3 RADIATION PROTECTION

RSSC RADIATION PROTECTION 07/11 3-1 CHAPTER 3 RADIATION PROTECTION PAGE I. External RADIATION PROTECTION .. 3-3 A. Time .. 3-3 B. Distance .. 3-3 1. The Inverse Square Law .. 3-3 2. Gamma Constants .. 3-4 3. Gamma Exposure Rate Formula .. 3-5 C. Shielding .. 3-6 1. Alpha and Beta RADIATION .. 3-6 2. X- and Gamma RADIATION .. 3-6 3. Half Value Layer .. 3-8 D. External Exposure Personnel Monitoring .. 3-9 1. Types of Personnel Dosimeters .. 3-9 2. Use of Personnel Dosimeters .. 3-11 3. Maximum Permissible Exposure Limits .. 3-14 E. Posting and Labeling of Radioactive Materials .. 3-15 1. Cautionary Signs .. 3-15 2. Department of Transportation Warning Labels .. 3-16 II. Internal RADIATION PROTECTION .. 3-17 A. Radioactive Materials in the Body .. 3-17 B. Guidelines .. 3-18 C. Limits .. 3-18 D. Internal Exposure Monitoring .. 3-19 III. General Precautions and Rules of 3-20 IV. Specific Handling Precautions for Various Radionuclides .. 3-23 A. H-3.

The three basic methods used to reduce the external radiation hazard are time, distance, and shielding. Good radiation protection practices require optimization of these fundamental techniques. A. Time The amount of radiation an individual accumulates will depend on how long the individual stays in the radiation field, because:

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