Transcription of Chapter 4. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
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HORTICULTURAL Societies4-61 Chapter 4. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIESI. IntroductionA. Basic ConceptsHorticultural SOCIETIES are differentiated from hunting and gathering SOCIETIES by theuse of domesticated plants as the major basis for SOCIETIES aretechnically differentiated from agrarian SOCIETIES by their lack of plows and animal traction,and from pastoral SOCIETIES because they do not make domesticated herd animals the mainbasis of more people can be supported per km2by investing effort in replacing relative-ly rare wild plant species that produce relatively few parts that humans can eat with massesof domesticated species that produce relatively great quantities of edible parts. People tendto have to work hard to plant, weed, harvest, and process food in HORTICULTURAL is no assistance from animal or mechanical powered SOCIETIES have agricultural systems that are relatively unproductiveper unit of human labor compared to plow agriculture, and more productive per unit landarea than hunting and gathering.
Hunter gatherer Horticultural Agrarian number of societies. 4-62 Horticultural Societies B. History Horticulture first developed in the Middle East beginning about 9,500 years ago and by about 5,000 years ago this technology had spread far eastward and to the Atlantic in the
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