Transcription of Chapter 4 – Identifying Fallacies
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1 Logic: A Brief Introduction Ronald L. Hall, Stetson University Chapter 4 Identifying Fallacies Introduction Ludwig Wittgenstein once said that his aim in philosophy was to turn disguised nonsense into patent nonsense. What he was implying in this cryptic remark is that patent (obvious) nonsense, being easy to spot, is not as dangerously misleading as nonsense that is disguised as sense. Our task in this Chapter is to unmask some common cases of disguised nonsense. When we do, we will be less prone to fall for their illusion of sense. At one time or another, we have all had the illusion that some conclusion followed from a given set of premises when in fact it did not.
Fallacies of Relevance and Fallacies of Ambiguity. Fallacies in the first category occur in those cases in which the content of the premises bears little or no logical relevance to the conclusion. Fallacies of the second category occur in those cases in which a word, phrase, or passage has no clear meaning . 4.2 Fallacies of Relevance . 1. Force
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