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CHAPTER 5 SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND LABORATORY TESTING

2019 Geotechnical Manual Page 1 of 19 CHAPTER 5 SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND LABORATORY TESTING GENERAL: WEIGHT VOLUME RELATIONSHIP In nature, soils are three-phase systems consisting of solid soil particles, water, and air (or gas). To develop the weight-volume relationships for a soil, the three phases can be separated as shown in Figure (a). Based on this separation, the volume relationships can be defined in the following manner. Void ratio (e) is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of soil solids in a given soil mass defined by: = Equation ( ) Where: Vv = volume of voids Vs = volume of soil solids Porosity ( ) is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of the soil or, = 100(%) Equation ( ) Where: V = total volume of soil Moreover, = = + = + = 1+ Equation ( )

5.3.1 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION The results of sieve analyses, plotted in the form of a gradation curve, are used to estimate soil permeability. The following tests shall be performed on samples obtained to verify the field classification of the major soil types encountered during the investigation. The number of tests

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