Transcription of Chapter 7: Measles
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Chapter 7: Measles
VPD Surveillance ManualMeasles: Chapter 7: MeaslesPaul A. Gastanaduy, MD, MPH; Susan B. Redd; Nakia S. Clemmons, MPH; Adria D. Lee, MSPH; Carole J. Hickman, PhD; Paul A. Rota, PhD; Manisha Patel, MD, MS I. Disease DescriptionMeasles is an acute viral illness caused by a virus in the family paramyxovirus, genus Morbillivirus. Measles is characterized by a prodrome of fever (as high as 105 F) and malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular The rash spreads from head to trunk to lower extremities. Measles is usually a mild or moderately severe illness. However, Measles can result in complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. Approximately one case of encephalitis2 and two to three deaths may occur for every 1,000 reported Measles rare long-term sequelae of Measles virus infection is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system that generally develops 7 10 years after infection.
Live attenuated measles virus vaccine is incorporated into combination MMR vaccine and combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccines. Monovalent measles vaccine is not available in the United States. For prevention of measles, two doses of MMR vaccine are recommended routinely for children, with the
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