CHAPTER 9 SOLAR DESALINATION - MIT

CHAPTER 9. SOLAR DESALINATION . John H. Lienhard,1, Mohamed A. Antar,2 Amy Bilton,1 Julian Blanco,3 &. Guillermo Zaragoza4. 1. Center for Clean water and Clean Energy, Room 3-162, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA. 2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia 3. Plataforma SOLAR de Almeria, Carretera de Senes s/n, 04200 Tabernas (Almeria), Spain 4. Visiting Professor of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia . Address all correspondence to John H. Lienhard E-mail: In many settings where freshwater resources or water supply infrastructure are inadequate, fossil energy costs may be high whereas SOLAR energy is abundant. Further, in the industri- alized world, government policies increasingly emphasize the replacement of fossil energy by renewable, low-carbon energy, and so water scarce regions are considering SOLAR -driven DESALINATION systems as a supplement to existing freshwater supplies.

solar desalination. 1. INTRODUCTION Water scarcity is a growing problem for large regions of the world. Scarcity results when the local fresh water demand is similar in size to the local fresh water supply. Figure 1 shows regions of the world in which water withdrawal approaches the difference between

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