Transcription of Chapter Nine RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
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Chapter Nine RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Chapter NineRAY OPTICSAND INTRODUCTIONN ature has endowed the human eye (retina) with the sensitivity to detectelectromagnetic waves within a small range of the electromagneticspectrum. Electromagnetic radiation belonging to this region of thespectrum (wavelength of about 400 nm to 750 nm) is called light. It ismainly through light and the sense of vision that we know and interpretthe world around are two things that we can intuitively mention about light fromcommon experience. First, that it travels with enormous speed and second,that it travels in a straight line. It took some time for people to realise thatthe speed of light is finite and measurable.
In this chapter , we consider the phenomena of r eflection, r efraction and dispersion of light, using the ray picture of light. Using the basic laws of reflection and refraction, we shall study the image formation by plane and spherical r eflecting and r efracting sur faces. W e then go on to
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