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Classification: Basic Concepts, Decision Trees, and Model ...

4 classification : Basic Concepts, Decision Trees, andModel EvaluationClassification, which is the task of assigning objects to one of several predefinedcategories, is a pervasive problem that encompasses many diverse include detecting spam email messages based upon the messageheader and content, categorizing cells as malignant or benign based upon theresults of MRI scans, and classifying galaxies based upon their shapes (seeFigure ).(a) A spiral galaxy.(b) An elliptical of galaxies. The images are from the NASA chapter 4 ClassificationClassificationmodelInputAt tribute set(x)OutputClass label(y)Figure as the task of mapping an input attribute setxinto its class chapter introduces the Basic concepts of classification , describes someof the key issues such as Model overfitting, and presents methods for evaluatingand comparing the performance of a classification technique. While it focusesmainly on a technique known as Decision tree induction, most of the discussionin this chapter is also applicable to other classification techniques, many ofwhich are covered in chapter PreliminariesThe input data for a classification task is a collection of records.

146 Chapter 4 Classification Classification model Input Attribute set (x) Output Class label (y) Figure 4.2. Classification as the task of mapping an input attribute set x into its class label y. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of classification, describes some

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