Combustion Fundamentals

2 CombustionFundamentalsTounderstandthefon nationofpollutantsincombustionsystems,we mustfirstunder-standthenatureofthefuelsb eingburned,thethennodynamicsofthecombust ionpro-cess, ,detonations, spectrumoffuelscurrentlyinwidespreaduse, thesimplestincompositionisnaturalgas,whi chconsistsprimarilyofmethanebutincludesa ,buttheyare,atleast, , ,whichconsistsofmeasurementsoftheelement alcompositionofthefuel,generallypresente dasmassfractionsofcarbon,hydrogen,sulfur ,oxygen,nitrogen,andash, "CH4C2H6C3 HshydrocarbonsCOH2H2SN2CO2(106Jm-3) "p,101kPa;T,25 "Sweetened,"H2S (106 Jkg-I)Kerosene( ) < < ,a measureoftheheatreleaseduringcompletecom bustion, ,physicalpropertiesthatinfluencethehandl inganduseofa ,thespecificgravityorAPIgravity,*viscosi ty(possiblyat severaltemperatures),flashpoint(ameasure ofthetemperatureatwhichthefuelissufficie ntlyvolatiletoignitereadily),anddistilla tionprofiles(fractionvaporizedasa functionoftemperature) ,coalsareclassifiedbyrank,a haveundergonerelativelylittlechange, , ,whichidentifiesthedegreeofcoalifactiono fa solidfuel( ).

Yeo, = --= 0.125 = 12.5% 64.25 9 YH,O =--5= 0.140 = 14.0% 64.2 = 47.25 = 0.735 = 73.5% YN, 64.25 Minor components and impurities in the fuel complicate our analysis ofcombus­ tion products somewhat. Fuel sulfur is usually oxidized to form sulfur dioxide (802 ), (Even though there are cases where sulfur compounds involving higher oxidation states

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