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Complex Adaptive Systems andComplexity Theory: Inter -relatedKnowledge Domains byRebecca Dodder and Robert : Research Seminar in Engineering SystemsMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyOctober 31, 2000 IntroductionThis paper provides a description of two highly interrelated knowledge domains: Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) and Complexity Theory. The initial sections providean overview, descriptive characteristics, background and social/institutional outlines forthe Complex Adaptive Systems knowledge domain. The next four sections providedescriptive material on applications of CAS thinking in the disciplines of physics,biology, economics and political science. While CAS has implications for many otherdisciplines, these sections illustrate how CAS thinking has found its way into ongoingtheory development in a representative set of fields. The next sections of this paperdescribe the highly related knowledge domain of Complexity Theory, providing materialon identifying and measuring Complexity , and the relationship of Complexity toengineering Systems .
• CAS are balanced between order and anarchy, at the edge of chaos. As Waldrop (1992) describes, “…frozen systems can always do better by loosening up a bit, and turbulent systems can always do better by getting themselves a little more organized. So if a system isn’t on the edge of chaos already, you’d expect learning and evolution
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