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Crash Course on Basic Statistics

Crash Course on Basic StatisticsMarina Wahl, of New York at Stony BrookNovember 6, 20132 Contents1 Basic Basic Definitions .. Probability of Events .. Bayes Theorem ..62 Basic Types of Data .. Errors .. Reliability .. Validity .. Probability Distributions .. Population and Samples .. Bias .. Questions on Samples .. Central Tendency ..93 The Normal Distribution114 The Binomial Distribution135 Confidence Intervals156 Hypothesis Testing177 The t-Test198 Regression239 Logistic Regression2510 Other Topics2711 Some Related Questions2934 CONTENTSC hapter 1 Basic Basic DefinitionsTrials?Probability is concerned with the outcome also calledexperimentsorobserva-tions(multipl e trials).?Trialsrefers to an event whose outcome is Space (S)?Set ofall possible elementary outcomesofa the trial consists of flipping a coin twice, thesample space isS= (h,h),(h,t),(t,h),(t,t).

Subject to sampling bias. Conclusions are of lim-ited usefulness in generalizing to a larger popu-lation: {Volunteer samples. {Convenience samples: collect informa-tion in the early stages of a study. {Quota sampling: the data collector is instructed to get response from a certain number of subjects within classi cations. Probability Sampling

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