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CT artifacts: Causes and reduction techniques

CT artifacts: Causes and reduction techniques F Edward Boas & Dominik Fleischmann*. Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 650 723 7647 Artifacts are commonly encountered in clinical computed tomography (CT), and may obscure or simulate pathology. There are many different types of CT artifacts, including noise , beam hardening, scatter, pseudoenhancement, motion, cone beam, helical, ring, and metal artifacts. We review the cause and appearance of each type of artifact, correct some popular misconceptions, and describe modern techniques for artifact reduction . noise can be reduced using iterative reconstruction or by combining data from multiple scans. This enables lower radiation dose and higher resolution scans. Metal artifacts can also be reduced using iterative reconstruction, resulting in more accurate diagnosis.

Noise reduction techniques enable diagnostic scans at a much lower radiation dose. • With iterative reconstruction, low dose results in decreased resolution, with only a slight increase in noise. Model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), for example, attempts to

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