Determination of the Hardness of Water Water …

Determination of the Hardness of Water One of the factors that establishes the quality of a Water supply is its degree of Hardness . Hardness is defined as calcium and magnesium ion content. Since most analyses do not distinguish between Ca2+ and Mg2+, and since most Hardness is caused by carbonate mineral deposits, Hardness is usually reported as parts per million (ppm) of calcium carbonate (by weight). A Water supply with a Hardness of 100 ppm contains the equivalent of 100 g of CaCO3. in 1 million g of Water or g in 1 L of Water (or 1000 g of Water since the density of Water is about 1 g/mL). Water Hardness calcium carbonate (ppm) designation 0-43 Soft 43-150 Slightly Hard 150-300 Moderately Hard 300-450 Hard 450 Very Hard Water Hardness is usually noticed because of difficulty in lathering soap and the formation of a scum in the bathtub.

CH2 C Ca O O N O N O H2C CH2 CH2 C H2C C H2C C O O O O In a titration to determine the concentration of a metal ion, the added EDTA combines quantitatively with the cation to form the complex.

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