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ECEN 607 (ESS)

1 BandgapReference: BasicsThanks for the help provided by M. Mobarak ,Faramarz Bahmani and Heng ZhangECEN 607 (ESS)2 Outline Introduction Temperature-independent reference PTAT generator Supply insensitive current source Design example 3 Introduction Conditions to be satisfied for an IC in production: Work even when Vcc changes (Supply variation): eg: Vcc: Work even when temperature changes (Temperature variation): eg: T: -25C 0 25C 75C Work even when physical properties change (Process variation): BJTs: : 30% MOS: : 10%, Vth: 100mV Resistors: R: 20% Capacitors: C: 5% Inductors: L: 1% All combinations of supply voltage (Vcc), temperature (T) and process (P) variations have to be considered in design. This is often referred to as PVT (process, voltage and temperature)4 Introduction: Case studySmall signal gain variation with PVT: Supply variation: low frequency gain almost insensitive to VCCvariation (assuming Q in active region) Temperature variation: gm is changing (decreasing) with T (assuming ICQindependent of T) gain is dependent on temperature.

A Low-Supply-Voltage CMOS Sub-Bandgap Reference Ref: A. Becker-Gomez, T. L. Viswanathan, T.R. Viswanathan, "A Low-Supply-Voltage CMOS Sub-Bandgap Reference," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol.55, no.7, pp.609-613, July 2008 • Low supply voltage • No resistor or op-amp is used, thus it is compatible with digital

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