ELAISSCH26 - SurfaTech

Elaissari_4304-0_Ch26_R1_04-16-03 08:44:09261 Preparation and Applications of2 Silicone Emulsions Using Biopolymers3 MUXIN LIU, AMRO RAGHEB, PAUL ZELISKO, and4 MICHAEL A. BROOKMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada5I. INTRODUCTION6A. Fundamentals7 Dispersions of water in oil, or the inverse, are inherently unstable. Emulsifica-8tion is thus a nonequilibrium process such that the average droplet size in an9emulsion tends to increase over time. However, the characteristic time scales10for coarsening of emulsions can span a remarkably wide range, from seconds to11several years, that depends on the nature of the oil, the surfactants used to12stabilize the emulsion, and the processing history. It is fair to say that not all13the parameters affecting emulsion stability are completely understood. Current14practices in emulsion formulation thus combine art with science. With silicones,15being specialty materials and very unlike their organic counterparts, both theory16and art are less well explored than organic Silicone Properties18 Silicones possess very unusual properties by organic standards.

18 Elaissari_4304-0_Ch26_R1_04-16-03 08:44:09 748 Liv et al. SCHEME 1 1 perhaps most important of all, as compounds that render liquid/air or solid/air 2 surfaces hydrophobic: the methyl groups extend into the air at the interface

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