Evaluation Models, Approaches, and Designs

5 Evaluation Models, Approaches, and DesignsBACKGROUNDThis section includes activities that address Understanding and selecting Evaluation models and approaches Understanding and selecting Evaluation designsThe following information is provided as a brief introduction to thetopics covered in these MODELS AND APPROACHESThe following models and approaches are frequently mentioned in theevaluation Objectives approach focuses on the degree to whichthe objectives of a program, product, or process have been achieved. Themajor question guiding this kind of Evaluation is, Is the program, product, orprocess achieving its objectives? The Four-Level Model. This approach is most often used to evaluate trainingand development programs (Kirkpatrick, 1994). It focuses on four levels oftraining outcomes: reactions, learning, behavior, and results. The majorquestion guiding this kind of Evaluation is, What impact did the 7/22/2004 5:44 PM Page 101102 BUILDING Evaluation CAPACITY have on participants in terms of their reactions, learning, behavior, andorganizational results?

This approach to evaluation focuses on the practicali-ties of defining successful outcomes and success cases (Brinkerhoff, 2003) and uses some of the processes from theory-driven evaluation to determine the linkages, which may take the form of a logic model, an impact model, or

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