Transcription of FAULTS AND JOINTS
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FAULTS AND JOINTS
JOINTS jpb, 2020 133 JOINTS JOINTS (also termed extensional fractures) are planes of separation on which no or undetectable shear displacement has taken place. The two walls of the resulting tiny opening typically remain in tight (matching) contact. JOINTS may result from regional tectonics ( the compressive stresses in front of a mountain belt), folding (due to curvature of bedding), faulting, or internal stress release during uplift or cooling. They often form under high fluid pressure ( low effective stress), perpendicular to the smallest principal stress. The aperture of a joint is the space between its two walls measured perpendicularly to the mean plane. Apertures can be open (resulting in permeability enhancement) or occluded by mineral cement (resulting in permeability reduction). A joint with a large aperture (> few mm) is a fissure.
secondary fractures does not directly reflect the regional stress field. Joint anatomy Joints normally are barren cracks or empty fissures but some may contain coatings. Narrow veins with infilling minerals, commonly quartz or calcite, are also extension fractures treated as …
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