FHWA - CULVERT DESIGN - CECALC.com

fhwa - CULVERT DESIGN . Outlet control flow conditions can be calculated based on energy balance. The total energy (HL). required to pass the flow through the CULVERT barrel is made up of the entrance loss (He), the friction losses through the barrel (Hf), and the exit loss (Ho). Other losses, including bend losses (Hb), losses at junctions (Hj), and loses at grates (Hg) should be included as appropriate. These losses are discussed in Chapter 6. HL = H e + H f + H o + H b + H j + H g (1). The barrel velocity is calculated as follows: Q. V= (2). A. V is the average velocity in the CULVERT barrel, m/s (ft/s). Q is the flow rate, m3/s (ft3/s). A is the full cross sectional area of the flow, m2 (ft2).

36 L 2 d 2 u o H 2g V TW 2g V HW + = + + (6) HW o is the headwater depth above the outlet invert, m (ft) V u is the approach velocity, m/s (ft/s) TW is the tailwater depth above the outlet invert, m (ft)

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