Transcription of FHWA - CULVERT DESIGN - CECALC.com
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FHWA - CULVERT DESIGN - CECALC.com
fhwa - CULVERT DESIGN . Outlet control flow conditions can be calculated based on energy balance. The total energy (HL). required to pass the flow through the CULVERT barrel is made up of the entrance loss (He), the friction losses through the barrel (Hf), and the exit loss (Ho). Other losses, including bend losses (Hb), losses at junctions (Hj), and loses at grates (Hg) should be included as appropriate. These losses are discussed in Chapter 6. HL = H e + H f + H o + H b + H j + H g (1). The barrel velocity is calculated as follows: Q. V= (2). A. V is the average velocity in the CULVERT barrel, m/s (ft/s). Q is the flow rate, m3/s (ft3/s).
35 ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ = − 2g V 2g V H 1.0 2 d 2 o (4c) V d is the channel velocity downstream of the culvert, m/s (ft/s) Equation (4c) may overestimate exit losses, and a multiplier of less than 1.0 can be used. (40) The downstream velocity is usually neglected, in which case the exit loss is equal to the full flow
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