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Fix Point Implementation of ClAlihControl AlgorithmsAntonCer inAnton CervinLund UniversityOutline A-D and D-A Quantization Computer arithmetic Floating- Point arithmetic Fixed- Point arithmetic Controller realizationsGraduate Course on Embedded Control Systems Pisa 8-12 June2009 Finite-Wordlength ImplementationControl analysis and design usually assumes infinite-precisionarithmetic, parameters/variables are assumed to be real numbersError sources in a digital Implementation with finite wordlength: Quantization in A-D converters Quantization of parameters (controller coefficients) Round-off and overflow in addition, subtraction, multiplication,division, function evaluation and other operations Quantization in D-A convertersGraduate Course on Embedded Control Systems Pisa 8-12 June2009 The magnitude of the problems depends on The wordlength The type of arithmetic used (fixed or floating Point ) The controller realizationGraduate Course on Embedded Control Systems Pisa 8-12 June2009A-D and D-A QuantizationA-D and D-A converters often have quite poor resolution, A-D: 10 16 bits D-A: 8 12 bitsQuantization is a nonlinear phenomenon; can lead to limit cyclesand bias.
Fix Point Implementation of ClAlihControl Algorithms Anton Cer inCervin Lund University
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