Transcription of Fly Ash, Slag, Silica Fume, and Natural Pozzolans, Chapter 3
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Fly Ash, Slag, Silica Fume, and Natural Pozzolans, Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Fly Ash, Slag, Silica Fume, and Natural PozzolansFly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, Silica Fume, and Natural pozzolans, such as calcined shale, calcined clayor metakaolin, are materials that, when used in conjunc-tion with portland or blended cement, contribute to theproperties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic orpozzolanic activity or both (Fig. 3-1). A pozzolan is asiliceous or aluminosiliceous material that, in finelydivided form and in the presence of moisture, chemicallyreacts with the calcium hydroxide released by the hydra-tion of portland cement to form calcium silicate hydrateand other cementitious compounds. Pozzolans and slagsare generally catergorized as supplementary cementitiousmaterials or mineral admixtures. Table 3-1 lists the appli-cable specifications these materials meet.
ing to the durability of these materials. The North American experience with natural pozzolans dates back to early 20th century public works projects, such as dams, where they were used to control temperature rise in mass concrete and provide cementi-tious material. In addition to controlling heat rise, natural
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