Transcription of FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND …
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14 FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS14 FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS2 FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES ANDCHARACTERISTICSP rotective relays are the "tools" of the protection engineer. As in any craft, an intimateknowledge of the characteristics and capabilities of the available tools is essential to theirmost effective use. Therefore, we shall spend some time learning about these tools withouttoo much regard to their eventual CONSIDERATIONSAll the relays that we shall consider operate in response to one or more electrical quantitieseither to close or to open contacts.
actuated from either a single current or voltage source. OPERATING PRINCIPLE The electromagnetic force exerted on the moving element is proportional to the square of the flux in the air gap. If we neglect the effect of saturation, the total actuating force may be expressed: F = K1I2 — K2, where F = net force. K1 = a force-conversion constant.
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