Transcription of FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND …
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14 FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS14 FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS2 FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES ANDCHARACTERISTICSP rotective relays are the "tools" of the protection engineer. As in any craft, an intimateknowledge of the characteristics and capabilities of the available tools is essential to theirmost effective use. Therefore, we shall spend some time learning about these tools withouttoo much regard to their eventual CONSIDERATIONSAll the relays that we shall consider operate in response to one or more electrical quantitieseither to close or to open contacts. We shall not bother with the details of actualmechanical construction except where it may be necessary for a clear understanding of theoperation.
When a relay operates to open its ÒaÓ contact, but does not reset, we say that it "drops out," and the largest value of the actuating quantity at which this occurs is called the "drop-out" value. OPERATION INDICATORS Generally, a protective relay is provided with an indicator that shows when the relay has operated to trip a circuit breaker.
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