Transcription of Grinstead and Snell’s Introduction to Probability
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GrinsteadandSnell'sIntroductionto ProbabilityTheCHANCEP roject1 Versiondated4 July20061 Copyright (C) a versionof GrinsteadandSnell's`Introductionto Probability , 2ndedition',publishedby theAmericanMathematicalSo-ciety, Copyright (C) freelyredistributableunderthetermsof ourwivesandin DiscreteProbability DiscreteProbabilities.. Distributions..182 ContinuousProbability ContinuousProbabilities.. Functions..553 .. ing.. 1204 .. 1755 Distributions.. Densities.. 2056 .. DiscreteRandomVariables.. 2687 Sumsof DiscreteRandomVariables.. ContinuousRandomVariables.. 2918 Law of .. 316vviCONTENTS9 .. Trials.. Trials.. 35610 .. 39311 Markov .. Chains.. Chains.. 45212 EuclideanSpace.. 'sRuin.. 493 Appendices499 Index503 PrefaceProbability theorybeganin seventeenth centuryFrancewhenthetwo greatFrenchmathematicians,BlaisePascalan dPierredeFermat,correspondedover two prob-lemsfromgamesof thosePascalandFermatsolved continuedto in uencesuch earlyresearchersas Huygens,Bernoulli,andDeMoivrein estab-lishinga mathematicaltheoryof Probability .
Let Y be the random variable which represents the toss of a coin. In this case, there are two possible outcomes, which we can label as H and T. Unless we have reason to suspect that the coin comes up one way more often than the other way, it is natural to assign the probability of 1/2 to each of the two outcomes.
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