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Hormones and Behavior: Basic Concepts

Hormones and Behavior: Basic ConceptsR. J. Nelson,Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights endocrinology is the scientific study of theinteraction between Hormones and behavior. This interac-tion is bidirectional: Hormones can affect behavior, andbehavior can feedback to influence hormone concentra-tions. Hormones are chemical messengers released fromendocrine glands that influence the nervous system toregulate the physiology and behavior of individuals. Overevolutionary time, Hormones regulating physiological pro-cesses have been co-opted to influence behaviors linked tothese processes. For example, Hormones associated withgamete maturation such as estrogens are now broadlyassociated with the regulation of female sexual dual hormonal actions ensure that mating behavioroccurs when animals have mature gametes available forfertilization.

Other drugs act directly on receptors, either enhancing or negating the effects of the hormone under study; these drugs are referred to as ‘receptor agonists’ and ‘antagonists,’ respectively. Brain imaging techniques reveal brain activation during behaviors. Paired with endocrine manipulations or monitoring, imaging can

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