Introduction to Concrete

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to ConcreteConcrete s versatility, durability, sustainability, and economy have made it the world s most widely usedconstruction material. About four tons of Concrete are produced per person per year worldwide and about per person in the United States. The term Concrete refers to a mixture of aggregates, usually sand, and eithergravel or crushed stone, held together by a binder of cementitious paste. The paste is typically made up ofportland cement and water and may also contain supplementary cementing materials (SCMs), such as fly ash orslag cement, and chemical admixtures (Figure 1-1).Understanding the fundamentals of Concrete is necessary to produce quality Concrete . This publication coversthe materials used in Concrete and the essentials required to design and control Concrete mixtures for a widevariety of components: cement, water, coarseaggregate, fine aggregate, supplementary cementingmaterials, and chemical TrendsThe United States uses about 230 million cubic meters (300 million cubic yards) of ready mixed conc

Chapter 1 ♦ Introduction to Concrete 3 Water and waste management 9% Streets and highways 30% Utilities 4% Other public works 3% Non-construction (e.g. oil well) 6% Farm construction 4%

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