Transcription of Leader Traits and Attributes
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Leader Traits and Attributes
101 Leader Traits andAttributesStephen J. ZaccaroCary KempPaige BaderThe concept of Leader Traits and Attributes is indeed an old one, predatingthe scientific study of leadership and reaching back into antiquity, acrossseveral early civilizations (Bass, 1990; Zaccaro, in press). For example, inChinese literature from the 6th century , Lao-tzu described the qualities of effec-tive leaders (Hieder, 1985). The wise Leader , according to Lao-tzu, was to be selfless,hardworking, honest, able to time the appropriateness of actions, fair in handlingconflict, and able to empower others (to use a more current vernacular).Earlyand medieval mythology ( , Homer s IliadandOdyssey; Alfred, Lord Tennyson sIdylls of the King) focused on the Attributes of heroes, whereas biblical writingemphasized wisdom and service to others as leadership qualities.
leader, the great hero, or the wise monarch, then, preoccupied the earliest thinkers and storytellers. The scientific modeling of this question perhaps began with Galton (1869), who examined the correlated status of leaders and geniuses across generations. He defined extraordinary intelligence as a key leader attribute and argued that
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