Transcription of Leader Traits and Attributes
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101 Leader Traits andAttributesStephen J. ZaccaroCary KempPaige BaderThe concept of Leader Traits and Attributes is indeed an old one, predatingthe scientific study of leadership and reaching back into antiquity, acrossseveral early civilizations (Bass, 1990; Zaccaro, in press). For example, inChinese literature from the 6th century , Lao-tzu described the qualities of effec-tive leaders (Hieder, 1985). The wise Leader , according to Lao-tzu, was to be selfless,hardworking, honest, able to time the appropriateness of actions, fair in handlingconflict, and able to empower others (to use a more current vernacular).Earlyand medieval mythology ( , Homer s IliadandOdyssey; Alfred, Lord Tennyson sIdylls of the King) focused on the Attributes of heroes, whereas biblical writingemphasized wisdom and service to others as leadership qualities.
[The trait method] does not provide the psychologist with much insight into the basic dynamics of the leadership process. (Blum & Naylor, 1956, p. 420) Like much early research in the behavioral sciences, the initial approach to leadership was to compare individuals, in this case to explore how leaders differ from nonleaders.
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