Malnutrition

Copyright 2006 by ESPENM alnutrition Topic 5 Module Undernutrition Simple and Stress Starvation Lubos Sobotka Peter Soeters Remy Meier Yitshal Berner Learning Objectives To know how the body reacts to short-term and long-term starvation during non-stress conditions; To understand the difference between simple and stress starvation; To know the consequences of stress on metabolic pathways related to starvation. Contents 1. Definition and classification of Malnutrition 2. Undernutrition 3. Aetiology of undernutrition 4. Adaptation to undernutrition non stress starvation 5. Stress starvation 6. Summary Key Messages Humans adapt well to short or a longer-term starvation, using their reserve stores of carbohydrates, fat and protein; Reduction of energy expenditure and conservation of body protein are further reaction to starvation. Energy stores are replenished during feeding period; Long-term partial or total cessation of energy intake leads to marasmic wasting; With the addition of the stress response, catabolism and wasting are accelerated and the normal adaptive responses to simple starvation are overridden; Weight loss in either situation results in impaired mental and physical function, as well as poorer clinical outcome.

Malnutrition can be defined as a state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body form (body shape, size, composition), body function and clinical outcome.

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  Clinical, Nutrition, Malnutrition

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