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Material Properties at Low Temperature - CERN

Material Properties at Low Temperature P. Duthil1 Institut de Physique Nucl aire d Orsay, IN2P3-CNRS/Universit de Paris Sud, Orsay, France Abstract From ambient down to cryogenic temperatures , the behaviour of materials changes greatly. Mechanisms leading to variations in electrical, thermal , mechanical, and magnetic Properties in pure metals, alloys, and insulators are briefly introduced from a general engineering standpoint. Data sets are provided for materials commonly used in cryogenic systems for design purposes. Keywords: cryogenics, diffusion of heat, electrical conductivity , mechanical Properties .

The resulting temperature profile T (x) is linear. However, the thermal conductivity depends on temperature, especially in the cryogenic domain, leading to nonlinear profiles- (see Fig. 4). Simply put, heat is transported in solids by electrons and phonons, and the thermal conductivity is seen as the sum of both contributions:

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