Transcription of Measurement
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1 Measurement -1 MeasurementY520 Strategies for Educational InquiryRobert S MichaelMeasurement-2 How are variables measured? First, variables are defined by conceptual definitions(constructs) that explain the concept the variable isattempting to capture. Second, variables are defined by operationaldefinitions; that is, definitions of how variables will : Study effort (a) The variable study effort may be definedconceptually as the amount of effort required to mastera body of material, including reading, looking updefinitions, note-taking, drill, self-quizzing, and soforth. Each of these components must be operationalized inorder to be : Study effort (b) The variable study effort may be said to consist ofreading, looking up definitions, note-taking, drill, andself-quizzing.
6 Measurement-11 Levels of Measurement: Nominal This is the most basic level of measurement. At this level we can determine only whether two observations are alike or different. Example: In a survey of teachers, sex was determined by a question. Observations were sorted into two mutually exclusive and
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