Transcription of Multi-Industry Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS ...
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Multi-Industry Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS ...
United States Environmental Protection Agency Multi-Industry Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ( pfas ) Study 2021 Preliminary Report September 2021 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4303T) 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 EPA-821-R-21-004 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKT able of Contents i Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary .. 1-1 2. Multi-Industry pfas Study Background .. 2-1 3. pfas Overview .. 3-1 pfas Classifications and Characteristics .. 3-1 Nonpolymer pfas .. 3-3 Polymer pfas .. 3-7 Phase Out and Replacement of Certain Long- chain pfas with short - chain pfas .. 3-7 Environmental Fate and Transport of pfas .. 3-8 pfas Exposure and Health Effects.
More recently, industry has developed and adopted alternative short-chain PFAS chemistries to replace long-chain PFAS. Many short-chain PFAS are structurally similar to their long-chain predecessors being replaced and are manufactured by the same companies. Publicly available health, toxicity, and hazard assessments of short-chain PFAS are limited.
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