Transcription of Neuronal cell types
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Neuronal cell types
MagazineR497 PrimerNeuronal celltypesRichard H. MaslandIdentifying the functionallydistinct types of neuron is centralto any bottom-up understandingof how the brain works. Thedifferent cell types are the brain selementary computationalelements the components fromwhich the larger machine ismade. We have known of somecell types for more than acentury, but the coverage hasbeen spotty and anecdotal. Thisis changing: it is now possible toassemble more or less completeinventories of cell types thebrain s parts list, upon which allunderstandings of brain recognition that neuronsare distinct functional entitieswas the first great contribution ofneurobiology s founding father,Santiago Ramon y Cajal, whocould make that leap because hehad a method, the Golgi stain,which shows individual neuronsin spectacular isolation from theirneighbors.
Granule cells have tiny cell bodies (5–8 µm) and small dendritic arbors (~50 µm diameter), but send an axon that runs for millimeters within the cerebellum. The granule cells are tightly packed and the cerebellum is large; in absolute terms, they are the most numerous single type of neuron in the nervous system. Two other interneurons are ...
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