Note to Educators: Hope Required When Growing Roses in ...

181 Harvard Educational Review Vol. 79 No. 2 Summer 2009 Copyright by the President and Fellows of Harvard CollegeNote to educators : hope Required when Growing Roses in ConcreteJEFFREY M. R. DUNCAN-ANDRADESan Francisco State UniversityIn this essay, Jeff Duncan-Andrade explores the concept of hope , which was central to the Obama campaign, as essential for nurturing urban youth. He first identifies three forms of false hope hokey hope , mythical hope , and hope deferred pervasive in and peddled by many urban schools. Discussion of these false hopes then gives way to Duncan-Andrade s conception of critical hope , explained through the description of three necessary elements of educational practice that produce and sustain true hope .

There is no better evidence of this than the election of an African American to ... collective utopia of a future reformed society or, more often, the individual student’s future ascent to the middle class. However, according to S. Leonard Syme (2004), professor emeritus at the

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