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Nucleation and Growth

1WS20021 Nucleation and Growth GoalUnderstand the basic thermodynamics behind the nucleationand Growth processes ReferencesHandoutCh. 8, Intro. to Ceramics by Kingery, Bowen and UhlmannMost books on glasses and glass-ceramics HomeworkNone2WS20022 Phase Transformations Considered as a transformation of a homogeneous solution to a mixtureof two phases For a stable solution, Gmix is less than zero. In other words, the solutionis more stable than the individual components Gmix is composed of entropic (-T Smix) and enthalpic ( Hmix) parts Consider1. Hmix less than zero: stable solution2. Hmix = zero (ideal solution), stable solution due to entropic 3. Hmix slightly greater than zero: stable solution entropy dominates4.

Nucleation • Consider the nucleation of a new phase at a temperature T The transition temperature (T) is below that predicted by thermodynamics when surface or volume are not considered • We can estimate the free energy change as a function of the radius of the nuclei from the volume and surface terms • When r is small, surface dominates

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nucleation and growth as a function of temperature below the melting point. Slow cooling results in only minor undercooling (T a), so that rapid growth and slow nucleation produce fewer coarse-grained crystals. Rapid cooling permits more undercooling (T b), so that slower growth and rapid nucleation produce many fine-grained crystals. Very

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temperature against cooling rate or bar diameter for each type of cooling medium 2 Definition: Stability of phases during continuous ... The nucleation condition under continuous cooling can be explained by the concept of progressive nucleation theory of Scheil. 17.

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Nucleation of Melting While nucleation during solidification requires some undercooling, melting invariably occurs at the equilibrium temperature even at relatively high rates of heating. this is due to the relative free energies of the solid/vapour, solid/liquid and liquid/vapour interfaces. It is always found that γ SL + γ LV < γ SV

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To overcome this, a nucleation site is generally needed. Gas molecules congregate next to nucleation sites, which break up the network of water molecules. When enough are gathered, they form a bubble. Due to capillary forces, the bubble will initially stay at its nucleation site. But usually, the buoyancy of the bubble will eventually cause

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