Transcription of OBJECT RELATIONS, DEPENDENCY, AND ATTACHMENT: A ...
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OBJECT RELATIONS, DEPENDENCY, AND ATTACHMENT: A ...
Child Development, 1969, 40, 969-1025 OBJECT relations , dependency , and attachment : A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP MARY D. SALTER AINSWORTH Johns Hopkins University 3 theoretical approaches to the origin and development of the infant-mother relationship are reviewed: psychoanalytic theories of OBJECT relations , social learning theories of dependency ( and attachment ), and an ethologically oriented theory of attachment . " OBJECT relations ," " dependency ," and " attachment ," although overlapping, are seen to differ substantially. Among the concepts in regard to which there are significant inter-theoretical differences, the following are discussed: genetic "biases," reinforcement as compared with activation and termination of behavioral systems and with feedback, strength o f attachment behavior versus strength of attachment , inner representation of the OBJECT , intra-organismic and environmental conditions of behavioral activation, and the role of intra-organismic organization and structure.
individual differences, presumably reflecting different learning histories. Or, more recently, dependency has been viewed by learning theorists as a class of behaviors, learned in the context of the infant's dependency relationship with his mother, and reinforced in the course of her care of him and interaction with him.
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