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POVERTY BRIEF – UNDERSTANDING POVERTY

Multidimensional povertyThe idea that POVERTY is multidimensional was first pre-sented by Townsend (Townsend, 1979) and further developed by Chambers (Chambers, 1983). In the final declaration of the World Summit for Social Develop-ment in 1995, the United Nations concluded that: POVERTY has various manifestations, including lack of in-come and productive resources sufficient to ensure sus-tainable livelihoods; hunger and malnutrition; ill health; limited or lack of access to education and other basic services; increased morbidity and mortality from illness; homelessness and inadequate housing; unsafe environ-ments; and social discrimination and exclusion. It is also characterized by a lack of participation in decision-mak-ing and in civil, social and cultural life. (United Nations, 1995)This description stresses the multidimensionality of pov-erty.

– the poverty line (Ravallion, 2010) – are classified as poor. Over the last decades, this economic definition of poverty has been complemented by other approaches to conceptualise poverty: basic needs approach, capa-bilities approach, human development approach and multidimensional poverty approach (Handley et al., 2009).

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