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Tetanus: Questions and Answers Information about the disease and vaccines What causes tetanus? Obviously, the high probability of death is a major Tetanus is caused by a toxin (poison) produced by complication. the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The C. tetani bac- teria cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. They How is tetanus diagnosed? produce spores that are very difficult to kill as they The diagnosis of tetanus is based on the clinical are resistant to heat and many chemical agents. signs and symptoms only. Laboratory diagnosis is not useful as the C. tetani bacteria usually cannot How does tetanus spread? be recovered from the wound of an individual who C. tetani spores can be found in the soil and in the has tetanus, and conversely, can be isolated from intestines and feces of many household and farm the skin of an individual who does not have tetanus. animals and humans. The bacteria usually enter the human body through a puncture (in the presence of What kind of injuries might allow tetanus to enter anaerobic [low oxygen] conditions, the spores will the body?)

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