Acids and Bases - University of Texas at Austin

2/25/2016 1 1 Acids and Bases Chapter 4 2 Arrhenius Acids and Bases • In 1884, Svante Arrhenius proposed these definitions – acid: A substance that produces H 3O+ ions aqueous solution. – base: A substance that produces OH-ions in aqueous solution.

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Reactions of Amines

Alkylation of 1º Alkyl Halides (Section 19-12, 19-21A) R Br RN H H N H R H X ammonium salt R 3a. Polyalkylation is routine. o With excess alkyl halide and base, keep on alkylating until it becomes the quaternary ammonium saltE (no surviving H’s on nitrogen, examples below) . Mechanism required for polylalkylations. The mechanism involves ...

  Alkylation

Organometallic Chemistry - uni-regensburg.de

• Alkylation or hydroxyalkylation (i.e., reaction with RCHO) of enolates derived from conjugate addition of organocuprates affords vicinal dialkylated products. • However, the reaction is confined to highly reactive alkylating agents such as methyl, allyl, propargyl, benzyl, and α-halocarbonyl compounds or aldehydes.

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Aldehydes can react with alcohols to form hemiacetals

alkylation Meerwein's salt trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate oxonium ion alkylation •Formation of acetals and hemiacetals Hemiacetal formation is catalysed by acid or base, but acetal formation is possible only with an acid catalyst because an OH group must be made into a good leaving group. R R O ROH R R HO OR ROH R R RO OR catalysed by ...

  Alkylation

Ketones and Aldehydes - Rutgers University

The dithiane anion can react as a nucleophile with primary alkyl halides, and this alkylation generates a thioacetal. The hydrolysis of a thioacetal generates an aldehyde. Alternatively, the thioacetal can be further deprotonated and reacted with another (different) alkyl halide to generate a new thioacetal with two alkyl substituents.

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Protecting Groups (PG) - ETH Z

Side reaction: S‐alkylation, oxidation, lactonization Thioether PG O H N O S O O HF Cleavage O O H N OH S O R Homoserine lactone 12. Fmoc‐Strategy SPPS Fmoc: αNH Boc: Lysine, Tryptophan, Histidine

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Fundamentals of Protein Chemistry - Duke GCB

Cysteine Alkylation- prevents reoxidation to form disulfides. Alkylating Agents: Iodoacetamide, Vinylpyridine. Chemical Methods for Protein Characterization: Proteolysis. Chemical Methods: Acid Hydrolysis, various [H+], time, temp. Cyanogen Bromide cleavage, C-term to Methionine gives a homoserine lactone at Met.

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Myers Stereoselective, Directed Aldol Reaction Chem 115

alkylation Open coordination site required for pericyclic aldol rxn RCHO Syn-Selective Aldol Reactions of Imide-Derived Boron (Z)-Enolates • Chiral controller group biases enolate !-faces such that one of the two diastereomeric (syn) transition states is greatly favored.

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5.1 Petroleum Refining - US EPA

Polymerization and alkylation processes are used to combine small petroleum molecules into larger ones. Isomerization and reforming processes are applied to rearrange the structure of petroleum molecules to produce higher-value molecules of a similar molecular size. 5.1.1.3 Treating Processes -

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