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Refinery Processes Industry Guide - PRO-QUIP

Refinery ProcessesIndustry GuideFlow Control DivisionValtek Control Products2 Flowserve Corporation, Flow Control Division, Valtek Control ProductsTable of ContentsIntroduction to Refining5 Crude Distilling Unit6 Crude Oil Charactertistics6 Introduction to Distillation7 Control Valve Guidelines9 Control Valve Applications9 Recommended Control Valves10 Alkylation11 Introduction to Alkylation11 Chemistry Overview11 Alkylation Process11 Hydrofluoric Acid Process12 Control Valve Guidelines (Hydrofluoric Acid Applications)12 Sulfuric Acid Alkylation Process12 Control Valve Guidelines (Sulfuric Acid Applications)13 Control Valve Applications14 Recommended Control Valves14 Catalytic Reformer15 Introduction to Catalytic Reforming15 Reformer Equipment15 Regeneration16 Control Valve Guidelines17 Control Valve Applications18 Recommended Control Valves18 Hydrotreating19 Introduction to Hydrotreating19 Sulfur Facilities20 Sulfur Recovery20 Combustion20 Reaction21 Control Valve Guidelines21 Control Valve Applications22 Recommended Control Valves22 Vacuum Flashing23 The Cracking Phenomenon23 Low Pressure24 Vacuum Flashing24 Control Valve Guidelines25 Control Valve Applications25 Recommended Control Valves25 Refinery Processes Industry Guide3 Flowserve Corporation, Flow Control Division, Valtek Control ProductsRefinery Processes Industry GuideTable of Contents (continued)Isomerization Plant26 Introduction to Isomerization26 Butane I

Olefins Plant 32 Ethylene Plants 32 Refinery Interaction 32 Olefins Process 33 Olefins Plant Compression Train 33 Control Valve Guidelines 35 Control Valve Applications 35 Recommended Control Valves 35 Catalytic Cracking 37 Introduction to Catalytic (Cat) Cracking 37 Cat Cracker Process 37 Reaction Section 38 The Regenerator 38 The Fractionator 39

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Control Valve Sizing - Pro-Quip, Inc.

www.pro-quip.com

Choked Flow Choked flow occurs in gases and vapors when the fluid velocity reaches sonic values at any point in the valve body, trim, or pipe. As the pressure in the valve or pipe is lowered, the specific volume increases to the point where sonic velocity is reached. In liquids, vapor

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Hydroprocessing: Hydrotreating& Hydrocracking

inside.mines.edu

Olefins saturated –one hydrogen molecule added for each double bond •Olefins prevalent in cracked streams – coker or visbreakernaphtha, catalytic cracker cycle oil, catalytic cracker gasoline Aromatic rings hydrogenated to cycloparaffins (naphthenes) •Severe operation

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Incompatibilities of concentrated nitric acid: Never mix ...

ccc.chem.pitt.edu

Group 11: Olefins (cont.) Propylene tetramer (dodecene) 1-Tetradecene 1-Tridecene Turpentine 1-Undecene Group 12: Petroleum Oils Asphalt Gasolines Casingead Automotive Aviation Jet Fuels JP-1 (kerosene) JP-3 JP-4 JP-5 (kerosene, heavy) Kerosene Mineral spirits Naphtha (non aromatic) Naphtha Solvent Stoddard solvent VM&P Oils Absorption oil

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Analysis of C1 to C10 Hydrocarbons Including C1 to C6 ...

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columns of choice for the separation of C4/C5 olefins. PLOT columns provide enhanced separation for the light hydrocar-bon fraction, but they exhibit recovery issues for the heavier fractions, making the analysis of the heavies difficult. A solu - tion to this problem is to configure a CFT Deans Switch with a boiling point and a PLOT column.

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JET FUELS JP4 & JP7

www.atsdr.cdc.gov

Finally, olefins are similar to the paraffins but are unsaturated with lower hydrogento- carbon ratios. They are the most reactive of the hydrocarbons and are permitted at only 5% by volume in JP-4 (CRC 1984). Benzene, present in wide-cut fuels such as JP-4, is an ineffectual

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4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION

www.atsdr.cdc.gov

Olefins typically comprise <1% of the total. The important differences in the fuels . relates to certain physical properties and the inclusion of particular a dditives to enhance performance. Jet A-1 has a lower maximum freezing point (-47°C) than Jet A …

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Olefins & Polymers USA, nor any of itsaffiliates assumes any liability whatsoever for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Any “Properties” and/or “Applications” listed in this document are not specifications. They are provided as information only and in no way modify, amend, enlarge, or

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INEOS HDPE Chemical Resistance Guide

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are beyond the control of INEOS Olefins & Polymers USA, no representations or warranty, express or implied, are made with respect to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the this information. This information in no way modifies, amends, enlarges, or creates any specification or warranty, and ALL WARRANTIES,

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PRESSURE TEMPERATURE CHART - URI.com

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R-1234yf belongs to a new family of HFOs (hydro-fluoro-olefins) that have a low GWP. R-1234yf is intended for automotive air conditioning systems, some other R-134a applications, and it is a component in some HFC blends to help lower the overall GWP. This product is mildly flammable, but has been deemed safe by itself in new automotive systems.

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Olefins, Incompatibilities of concentrated nitric acid, INEOS HDPE Chemical Resistance Guide, PRESSURE TEMPERATURE CHART