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SECONDARY DATA SOURCES - INTRAC

INTRAC 2017 SECONDARY data SOURCES Sometimes, information is used for planning, monitoring or evaluation that has previously been collected by other people or organisations for their own purposes. This is known as SECONDARY data . There are many potential SOURCES of SECONDARY data . SECONDARY data can be used at any stage of a project or programme cycle. Within social development, when somebody collects data for their own purposes it is called primary data . Sometimes, however, information is used for planning, monitoring or evaluation that has previously been collected by other people or organisations for their own purposes.

Further papers in the M&E Universe explain other simple data collection tools and methods. To access these papers directly, click on the relevant links below. Author(s): INTRAC . Contributor(s): ... Interviews Focus group discussions Observation Photography and video Surveys and questionnaires Case studies and stories of change

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QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE METHODS - INTRAC

www.intrac.org

quantitative methods are seen as weaker, qualitative methods are seen as (relatively) stronger. Some of the main strengths of qualitative methods are listed below, and are summarised in the diagram above. As with the section on quantitative methods, these are general rules only, and there are often exceptions. Quantitative methods ...

  Methods, Quantitative, Quantitative methods

BASIC TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION - INTRAC

www.intrac.org

Observation: At its most simple, observation involves ‘seeing’ things – such as objects, processes, relationships, events – and formally recording the information. There are different types of observation. Structured or direct observation is a process in which observations are recorded against an agreed checklist.

  Basics, Data, Tool, Collection, Observation, Structured, Basic tools for data collection

Theory of Change - INTRAC

www.intrac.org

1 1. The reality of change Theory of Change is nothing new. It is not just a donor fad or yet another hoop to jump through. It is an on-going process of reflection to explore change and how

  Change, Theory, Theory of change, Of change theory of change

Theory of Change - INTRAC

www.intrac.org

A Theory of Change approach to planning and evaluation is increasingly being considered an essential practice for many organisations, programmes and projects. Theories of Change can be

  Change, Theory, A theory of change, Theory of change, Change of

PARTICIPATORY LEARNING AND ACTION (PLA)

www.intrac.org

PLA was originally called Participatory Rural (or Rapid) Appraisal (PRA). It became very popular in the 1980s and 1990s, and has since kept its popularity with many CSOs. PRA was originally designed for use during appraisals and needs assessments in rural areas. However, it can be used at any stage of the project cycle – design, planning,

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Monitoring and Evaluation: New Developments and …

www.intrac.org

Conference overview As development organisations, we are all finding ourselves placing a greater emphasis on measuring for results, on looking for evidence of impact, on justifying our effectiveness and on responding to a growing demand for accountability. Development organisations are continually experimenting with innovative

  Development, Evaluation, Overview, Monitoring, Monitoring and evaluation, New developments and

PROCESS TRACING

www.intrac.org

PROCESS TRACING . Process tracing is a qualitative analysis methodology. The main purpose of process tracing is to establish whether, and how, a potential cause or causes influenced a specified change or set of changes. This is done by applying formal tests to examine the strength of evidence linking potential causes to the changes.

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QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (QCA) - INTRAC

www.intrac.org

Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), developed by Charles Ragin in the 1970s, was originally developed as a research methodology. Lately, it has increasingly been applied within monitoring and evaluation (M&E). QCA is a methodology that enables the analysis of multiple cases in complex situations, and can help explain why change

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THEORY OF CHANGE

www.intrac.org

Theories of Change can be developed in many ways. Common elements include ... stakeholder analysis or gender analysis might also be used. And if others have conducted similar assessments in the past then their findings can be used to arrive at a consensus.

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CASE STUDIES AND STORIES OF CHANGE - INTRAC

www.intrac.org

Case studies are usually written, but can also be presented as photographs, drawings or videos. In some circumstances case studies have been presented as songs or dramas. There is no fixed size for a written case study. A case study can vary in length between a few lines of text and an entire book. Stories of change are similar to case studies ...

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MONITORING, EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND …

www.crs.org

methods and generally utilize postdistribution satisfaction surveys, simple checklists, semistructured key informant interviews, and direct observation. The monitoring tools should ask specific closed-ended questions and include observation ... can ask these questions in focus group discussions (FGDs) and household interviews ...

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Overview: Data Collection and Analysis Methods in Impact ...

www.unicef-irc.org

Specialized methods (e.g., dotmocracy, hierarchical card sorting, seasonal calendars, projective techniques, stories)5 implementers and those responsible for routine programme monitoring Interviews, group discussions (such as focus groups) and/or questionnaires with programme participants Observation Structured or non-structured

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Revised Data Collection Tools3-1-12

www.ndcompass.org

Observation methods Document review In‐depth interviews: In‐depth interviews are a useful qualitative data collection technique that can be used for a variety of purposes, including needs assessment, program refinement, issue identification, and ... Focus group discussions are a popular method of obtaining information and opinions.

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Published by Caribbean Examinations Council

46i48l108maaxssg8uyuvr10-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com

Surveys, interviews, examination of documents, observation, focus group meetings. Data Collection Instruments: Questionnaire, Interview schedule, observation schedule, checklist. ... Methods of Analysis: relevant formulae. The presentation and discussions must reflect knowledge of the style and jargon of the discipline. Limitations:

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Anthropological Approaches: Uncovering Unexpected Insights ...

pcmh.ahrq.gov

qualitative anthropological data collection methods are: (1) participant observation, (2) in-depth interviews, (3) focus groups, and (4) textual analysis. Participant Observation. Participant observation is the quintessential fieldwork method in anthropology. Anthropologists use various degrees of participant observation, from full participation

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Module 1 Qualitative Research Methods Overview

course.ccs.neu.edu

Use semi-structured methods such as in-depth interviews, focus groups,and participant observation To describe variation To describe and explain relationships To describe individual experiences To describe group norms Open-ended Textual (obtained from audiotapes, videotapes,and field notes) Some aspects of the study are flexible (for example ...

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Qualitative Data Collection

www.sagepub.com

Interviews average 30–45 minutes per person. Focus groups: group interviews, using the same variety of techniques and taking approximately the same length of time as interviews. Data collected directly in words from people (Continued) Table 4.1 Categories of Data Collection Methods 04-James (Participatory).qxd 6/25/2007 12:53 PM Page 69

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Focus Groups as Qualitative Research

study.sagepub.com

where focus groups depart most from standard practices in other qualitative methods. The fact that they are group interviews is the source of most of these planning needs. In particular, the need to bring together several participants requires attention to who the participants are and how the researcher will interact with them as a group. Once

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Data collection in qualitative research

ebn.bmj.com

Focus groups The focus group is a method of data collection in which a moderator/facilitator (usually a coresearcher) speaks with a group of 6–12 participants about issues related to the research question. As an approach, the focus group offers qualitative researchers an efficient method of gathering the views of many participants at one time.

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