Transcription of Section III Measurements and Errors
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Section III. Measurements and Errors Table of Contents A. Introduction .. III-2. B. surveying Measurements .. III-2. 1. Horizontal and Vertical Planes .. III-3. a. Horizontal Distances and Angles .. III-3. b. Vertical Distances and Angles .. III-3. c. Slope III-3. 2. Accuracy and Precision .. III-4. C. Errors .. III-5. 1. Blunders .. III-5. 2. Types of Errors .. III-6. a. Systematic Errors .. III-6. b. Random Errors .. III-7. 3. Error Sources .. III-7. a. Natural Errors .. III-7. b. Instrument Errors .. III-8. c. Human Errors .. III-8. Measurements and Errors III. Measurements and Errors A. Introduction The purpose of this Section is to discuss the different types of surveying Measurements , identify error sources, and describe procedures to minimize Errors . Using common sense and developing sound surveying practices cannot be over-emphasized.
Measurements and Errors III-2 Revised May, 2013 III. Measurements and Errors ... observations to minimize procedural errors. Refer to Chapter 6 in the Data Collection ... or calibrated surveying equipment. Most of these errors can be reduced by properly leveling the instrument, balancing backsight/foresight shots, reducing measurement distances ...
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