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Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language

01:615:201 Introduction to Linguistic Theory Adam Szczegielniak syntax : The Sentence Patterns of Language Copyright in part: Cengage learning Learning Goals Hierarchical Sentence structure Word categories X- bar Ambiguity Recursion Transforma=ons syntax Any speaker of any human Language can produce and understand an infinite number of possible sentences Thus, we can t possibly have a mental dictionary of all the possible sentences Rather, we have the rules for forming sentences stored in our brains syntax is the part of grammar that pertains to a speaker s knowledge of sentences and their structures What the syntax Rules Do The rules of syntax combine words into phrases and phrases into sentences They specify the correct word order for a Language For example, English is a Subject- verb -Object (SVO) Language The President nominated a new Supreme Court justice *President the new Supreme justice Court a nominated They also describe the relationshi

• Verbs also select subjects and complements based on semantic properties (S-selection) – The verb murder requires a human subject and object!The beer murdered the lamp. – The verb drink requires its subject to be animate and its optional complement object to …

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